Architecture comparison
Autonomous
GM self-driving running its own perception/planning ML; restructured toward personal-vehicle autonomy.
Autonomous
Waymo’s production driver uses a modular six-layer stack (sensor processing, perception, world modeling, prediction, planning, control) integrated with HD maps, simulation, and a foundation-model-based end-to-end driving architecture that fuses camera, lidar, and radar into a unified world representation.[1][2][8][9][10] Training, evaluation, and large-scale data handling run on Google/Alphabet’s internal and Google Cloud infrastructure, with closed-source models and tooling.[1][4][5][8][10]