Abridge
Healthcare · AWS · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Ambient clinical-documentation AI with its own medical models plus partner LLMs, grounded in clinician audio.
Who builds on OpenAI · GPT
105 companies in the Modeling Warehouse build on OpenAI · GPT, ranked by how directly they consume it — Native first, Middleware last. Avg Foundation Proximity Score 82/100.
Healthcare · AWS · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Ambient clinical-documentation AI with its own medical models plus partner LLMs, grounded in clinician audio.
Healthcare AI · AWS · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Ambient documentation with its own clinical models plus OpenAI, grounded in encounter audio.
Travel · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Travel marketplace; huge own ranking/pricing ML plus OpenAI for the AI Trip Planner.
Design · AWS · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Massive consumer design platform on AWS with MySQL + DynamoDB and a WASM-accelerated rendering pipeline. Magic Studio blends in-house generative models with partners (incl. acquired Leonardo.ai).
EdTech · AWS · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Study platform blending its own content ML with OpenAI for its learning assistant.
CX AI · GCP · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Contact-center AI with its own real-time coaching models plus partner LLMs over call data.
DevTools · Multi-Cloud · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Cursor runs a multi-cloud, event-driven architecture with most CPU/backend services on AWS, major GPU inference clusters on Azure plus newer GPU clouds, and specialized AI workloads on GCP, fronted by stateless gateways, queues, and GPU worker fleets for LLM inference and agents.[6][10] Workspace data and embeddings flow through turbopuffer, Pinecone, and Kafka-compatible streams, with Temporal-based orchestration for agent workflows and large multi-GPU clusters (including Fireworks AI-hosted proprietary fine-tuned models) serving code-focused LLMs.[4][6][7][8][10]
Data Platform · Multi-Cloud · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Databricks runs a two-layer architecture where a Databricks-managed control plane hosts the UI, APIs, metadata, and orchestration services, while customer workloads execute in a compute/data plane inside the customer’s AWS, Azure, or GCP account (or Databricks’ serverless account) against cloud object storage using Spark and Delta Lake.[3][4][9][11] Around this core, Databricks positions an open-core lakehouse stack (Delta Lake, Spark, MLflow) with proprietary governance, serverless, and AI platform services, integrated into medallion-style production patterns.[1][2][6][12]
FoodTech · AWS · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Food delivery; own dispatch/ETA ML plus OpenAI for support.
Wholesale · AWS · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Wholesale marketplace; own recommendation ML plus OpenAI for merchandising assistants.
Logistics · AWS · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Freight forwarding; in-house logistics ML plus OpenAI for ops assistants.
FinTech (Africa) · AWS · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Pan-African payments; in-house fraud ML plus OpenAI for support.
SaaS (India) · AWS · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
CX/ITSM suite; Freddy AI blends its own models with OpenAI over customer data.
Super-app · AWS · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
SEA super-app; large in-house logistics/fraud ML plus OpenAI for assistants.
Productivity · AWS · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Long-standing in-house NLP models plus GPT for generative rewriting.
Marketing · AWS · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Marketing automation; own predictive ML plus OpenAI for content over its customer-data platform.
E-Commerce · AWS · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
LatAm commerce/fintech giant; large in-house recommendation/fraud ML plus OpenAI for assistants.
Platform · Azure · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Microsoft operates primarily as a cloud-first organization running its internal and external services on Azure, backed by globally distributed, Microsoft-operated datacenters and a hybrid-cloud capable architecture.[1][4][6] Core business, productivity, and analytics workloads are delivered via Azure IaaS/PaaS (VMs, app services, databases) plus newer unified analytics platforms like Microsoft Fabric/OneLake, integrated with shared Microsoft services such as Microsoft 365 and identity.[1][5][7]
AI/LLM · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
OpenAI runs large GPU superclusters and Kubernetes-based orchestration across Azure and its own data centers in a hybrid setup, with Azure as the primary cloud and custom HPC clusters (e.g., Stargate) for training and serving frontier models.[15][16][19] Core application and API workloads use relational stores like PostgreSQL for accounts/settings and globally scalable databases such as Azure Cosmos DB plus Kafka streams for high-volume conversation, analytics, and event data.[1][8][12]
AI/Search · Multi-Cloud · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Perplexity operates a multi-cloud architecture: it historically built and hosted its Sonar models on AWS (including Bedrock for Anthropic/Claude) while later signing a large Azure agreement to deploy models via Microsoft Foundry, indicating active use of both providers.[1][3][8][9][15] Its core production stack centers on proprietary Sonar LLMs (built on and fine‑tuned from open-source bases like Mistral and later Llama 3.x) combined with partner frontier models (GPT‑5/4-class, Claude, Gemini, Grok) selected per query.[1][2][5][6][10][11][13][14]
FinTech (India) · AWS · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Indian payments; in-house fraud/risk ML plus OpenAI for support assistants.
Telecom (India) · On-Prem · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Telecom/digital giant building sovereign Indian-language models (Jio Brain / BharatGPT) on its own infrastructure.
Enterprise · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Joule is multi-model: SAP’s own ABAP LLM plus a Generative AI Hub fronting OpenAI, Gemini, Anthropic (Claude powers Joule agents), Llama, and sovereign Mistral/Cohere on SAP cloud.
Cybersecurity · AWS · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Purple AI combines SentinelOne’s own Ultraviolet models with Anthropic Claude + OpenAI GPT over its Singularity data lake; exposes a Purple MCP server for agentic SOC investigation.
Industrial · Azure · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Industrial Copilot built with Microsoft on Azure OpenAI over its own engineering/automation ML.
Data Platform · Multi-Cloud · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Snowflake runs a proprietary three-layer, multi-cluster shared-data architecture on AWS, Azure, and GCP, separating compressed columnar storage on cloud object stores from MPP compute warehouses and a distributed cloud services control plane.[1][16][19] Internally it is a service-oriented system with independently scalable storage, compute, and metadata/transaction services built for OLAP workloads.[16][19]
Healthcare AI · Multi-Cloud · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Ambient clinical assistant blending its own medical models with partner LLMs.
Healthcare · GCP · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Precision-medicine platform with its own multimodal genomic/clinical models plus LLMs for clinician copilots.
Analytics · Multi-Cloud · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Search/AI analytics; Spotter agent blends its own engine with OpenAI over the in-memory data store.
Mapping · Azure · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Mapping/location; own routing/map ML plus a Microsoft-partnered conversational in-car assistant on Azure OpenAI.
Local/Internet · AWS · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Local-discovery platform; own ranking/review ML plus OpenAI for its AI assistant.
Proptech · AWS · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Real-estate marketplace; the Zestimate is large in-house valuation ML; natural-language search on OpenAI.
FoodTech (India) · AWS · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Indian food-delivery; own logistics/recommendation ML plus OpenAI assistants.
Communications · Hybrid · Native (own / self-hosted weights)
Runs its own global data centers for real-time media, bursting to AWS/Oracle Cloud at peak. AI Companion uses a 'federated' approach blending its own models with Anthropic and OpenAI.
Marketplace · AWS · Direct API
AWS-native marketplace that evolved a Rails monolith into services over sharded MySQL (Vitess) + HBase. Search/pricing are in-house ML. Created Apache Airflow; AI customer-support uses LLMs.
Productivity · AWS · Direct API
Low-code database whose 'spreadsheet-database' is backed by MySQL with heavy Redis caching on AWS. Airtable AI/Cobuilder routes to OpenAI and Anthropic.
Analytics · AWS · Direct API
Amplitude runs a high-throughput event analytics platform on AWS with Kafka-based ingestion, DynamoDB/Redis for state and caching, and a proprietary columnar datastore optimized for behavioral analytics, plus AI Agents powered via Amazon Bedrock. Core production services are containerized and orchestrated with Kubernetes and Terraform-based infrastructure-as-code.[5][7]
Productivity · Hybrid · Direct API
Asana runs a large-scale, stateful, microservice-style backend with autoscaling infrastructure and a dedicated Production Infrastructure pod for observability and platform reliability, layered behind a multi-region, hybrid cloud deployment. Its data stack separates transactional MySQL/Aurora stores from analytical event pipelines and a cloud data warehouse used by growth and analytics teams.
HR · AWS · Direct API
SMB HR platform; AI assist on OpenAI over employee data.
Biotech SaaS · AWS · Direct API
R&D cloud for life sciences; AI assistants on OpenAI over experimental data.
FinTech · AWS · Direct API
Cash App Money Bot + Square Managerbot run on Anthropic Claude (Sonnet) and OpenAI GPT via Block’s open-source goose agent framework (Claude is goose’s default on Databricks).
Storage · AWS · Direct API
Box AI is explicitly multi-model — routes across OpenAI, Google and Anthropic over enterprise content.
FinTech · AWS · Direct API
AWS-based corporate-card/spend platform on PostgreSQL with Kafka eventing. Brex Assistant uses OpenAI/Anthropic over its own financial data and an agentic spend layer.
FinTech (EU) · Hybrid · Direct API
European neobank; Finn AI assistant on OpenAI over account data.
Legaltech · AWS · Direct API
Legal practice-management cloud; Clio Duo AI on OpenAI over matter/document data.
AI-coding · AWS · Direct API
Autonomous SWE agent (Devin) orchestrating Claude + GPT over its own long-horizon planning and code-execution sandboxes.
FinTech · AWS · Direct API
AWS-native crypto exchange on MongoDB/PostgreSQL with DynamoDB for high-throughput paths; strong HSM/key-management and on-chain infra. Uses in-house risk ML and LLMs for support.
Proptech · AWS · Direct API
Real-estate brokerage platform; agent AI tools on OpenAI over listing/CRM data.
EdTech · AWS · Direct API
Online learning; Coursera Coach + course generation on OpenAI over its catalog.
FinTech · AWS · Direct API
Neobank; in-house underwriting ML plus OpenAI for support/assistant.
CX AI · AWS · Direct API
AI customer-support agents orchestrating Claude + GPT over a company knowledge base.
HR · AWS · Direct API
Deel runs a proprietary, multi-tenant SaaS platform (app.deel.com / api.letsdeel.com) on AWS with separate sandbox and production environments, using relational and NoSQL databases behind REST APIs consumed by customers and integrations.[3][10][4] AI is incorporated primarily at the application and workflow layer to automate compliance, payroll, and HR processes, rather than as a foundational LLM-native architecture.[6][4]
Communications · GCP · Direct API
Runs on Google Cloud; publicly migrated trillions of messages from Cassandra to ScyllaDB and uses Elixir + Rust for real-time gateway/voice. AI features (Clyde and successors) built on OpenAI.
Marketplace · AWS · Direct API
In-house logistics ML plus OpenAI for support + merchant tooling.
Storage · Hybrid · Direct API
Famously repatriated bulk file storage off AWS onto its own 'Magic Pocket' exabyte infrastructure while keeping some cloud for edge/compute. Metadata in sharded MySQL (Edgestore). Dropbox Dash AI uses OpenAI.
EdTech · AWS · Direct API
Birdbrain in-house ML sets lesson difficulty; GPT-4 (Direct API) powers Roleplay + Explain-my-Answer.
Travel · AWS · Direct API
Travel platform; early OpenAI customer (Romie / trip planning) over its own travel-graph ML.
Design · AWS · Direct API
Browser-based design tool whose moat is a custom C++ rendering/document engine shipped to the browser via WebAssembly. Metadata in sharded PostgreSQL on AWS; multiplayer via bespoke real-time sync servers.
Enterprise Search · GCP · Direct API
Enterprise assistant that lets customers pick across OpenAI, Anthropic and Google over a permissions-aware index.
Observability · Multi-Cloud · Direct API
Grafana Cloud runs a SaaS observability platform built on its open source engines (Mimir, Loki, Tempo, Prometheus) deployed across major public clouds with object storage backends like S3/GCS/Azure Blob for long‑term data. The core Grafana server is a Go backend with a React/TypeScript frontend that acts as a visualization and control plane over these distributed storage and query services.
HR/Payroll · AWS · Direct API
SMB payroll/HR; AI assistant features on OpenAI over payroll/benefits data.
Analytics · AWS · Direct API
Collaborative data notebook; Magic AI routes to OpenAI + Anthropic over warehouse queries.
CRM · AWS · Direct API
AWS-native marketing/CRM suite built on a large HBase + MySQL backbone with Kafka event streaming. AI ('Breeze'/ChatSpot) wraps OpenAI plus in-house models over first-party CRM data.
Marketplace · GCP · Direct API
Own catalog/logistics ML; an early, prominent OpenAI customer for search + Ask Instacart.
Support · AWS · Direct API
Fin support agent runs on Anthropic + OpenAI over a customer help-content index.
Legaltech · AWS · Direct API
Contract-lifecycle platform; AI contract review/drafting on OpenAI + Anthropic.
Marketing AI · AWS · Direct API
Marketing copy platform orchestrating OpenAI + Anthropic over brand context.
EdTech · GCP · Direct API
Khanmigo tutor built on OpenAI GPT-4 over its learning content, with heavy safety scaffolding.
FinTech · AWS · Direct API
Production is built as microservices on AWS (including EKS/ECS) with event-driven flows via Kafka and a data platform spanning DynamoDB, S3, Glue/Spark, Hadoop/HDFS and Redshift, plus legacy Riak/RabbitMQ in some paths.[1][2][5][6][8][9][10][11] Klarna’s AI customer service stack layers agent orchestration (e.g., LangGraph) and RAG on top of OpenAI GPT-4-class models, integrated with internal APIs and Zendesk.[3][4][7]
FinTech · AWS · Direct API
Startup banking; AI assist on OpenAI over transaction data.
Collaboration · AWS · Direct API
Visual canvas; AI features on OpenAI.
Productivity · AWS · Direct API
Work OS; AI blocks on OpenAI over board data.
Creator · GCP · Direct API
Creator-membership platform; AI features on OpenAI.
DevTools · AWS · Direct API
API platform; Postbot AI on OpenAI over API specs/collections.
Construction SaaS · AWS · Direct API
Construction-management cloud; AI agents on OpenAI over project/document data.
FinTech · AWS · Direct API
AWS-native finance-automation/corporate-card platform on PostgreSQL, AI-first in positioning: LLM agents (OpenAI/Anthropic) automate expense categorization, approvals and procurement over transaction data.
Social Media · AWS · Direct API
AWS-hosted; a Python/Pylons heritage over PostgreSQL with Cassandra and heavy Memcached caching, moving to Go/GraphQL services. Monetizes data licensing for AI training; Reddit Answers uses LLMs.
DevTools · AWS · Direct API
Internal-tools builder with multi-model AI app components.
FinTech · GCP · Direct API
In-house risk ML plus OpenAI for support/assistant features.
HR/IT · AWS · Direct API
Workforce platform; AI agents on OpenAI + Anthropic over the employee graph.
DevTools · GCP · Direct API
Error-monitoring; Autofix/Seer uses OpenAI + Anthropic over stack traces.
E-Commerce · GCP · Direct API
Shopify runs a modular monolith (primarily Ruby on Rails) deployed as multi-tenant pods, each with its own MySQL, Redis, and memcached, on Kubernetes clusters running on Google Kubernetes Engine, with Kafka-centric data pipelines for CDC, analytics, and event distribution.[1][10][11][14] Traffic is handled via a global edge (Anycast + nginx/OpenResty) feeding stateless app workers into these pods, enabling regional failover, blast-radius isolation, and large flash-sale scaling.[2][3][11][16]
SaaS · AWS · Direct API
Work-management platform; AI formulas/summaries on OpenAI over sheet data.
Social · GCP · Direct API
My AI assistant runs on OpenAI + Google; heavy in-house vision ML elsewhere.
FinTech · AWS · Direct API
Digital finance; in-house risk ML plus OpenAI for member support/assistant.
Legaltech · AWS · Direct API
AI contract drafting in Word, built on OpenAI with legal-tuned retrieval.
Streaming Media · GCP · Direct API
Spotify runs a large-scale microservices architecture on Google Cloud Platform, with thousands of backend services and streaming/batch data pipelines built around Pub/Sub, Dataflow/Beam, and BigQuery for recommendation and analytics workloads.[5][9][10] Audio is stored in cloud object storage and delivered via multiple CDNs, while Cassandra and other stores serve user metadata, playlists, and real-time features.[3][5][7]
Website Builder · Hybrid · Direct API
Website/commerce builder historically on its own data centers, increasingly cloud-hybrid; polyglot persistence (MySQL/MongoDB/Cassandra). AI site-generation and copy use OpenAI.
Media · AWS · Direct API
Publishing platform; AI writing/discovery features on OpenAI.
Restaurant SaaS · AWS · Direct API
Restaurant POS/platform; AI menu/ops assistants on OpenAI over transaction data.
Communications · AWS · Direct API
AWS-native communications APIs (voice/SMS/email via SendGrid) over MySQL + DynamoDB with Kafka eventing. Owns the Segment CDP; CustomerAI layers LLMs over unified customer profiles.
EdTech · AWS · Direct API
Learning marketplace; AI assistant + course tools on OpenAI.
Compliance · AWS · Direct API
Security-compliance automation; AI questionnaire/evidence features on OpenAI.
DevTools · AWS · Direct API
Frontend cloud built atop AWS, exposing a global edge + serverless/Functions layer; stewards the open-source Next.js framework. v0 AI is built on OpenAI/Anthropic models.
Climate · GCP · Direct API
Carbon-accounting platform; AI features on OpenAI over emissions data.
Website Builder · AWS · Direct API
Visual web-development platform on AWS; MongoDB for the flexible CMS/site model with MySQL/Redis support. AI assists site generation and content via OpenAI/Anthropic.
AI-coding · AWS · Direct API
AI IDE (formerly Codeium) routing to Claude + GPT over its own retrieval/indexing engine.
Website Builder · Hybrid · Direct API
Site builder; AI site/content generation on OpenAI.
Support · AWS · Direct API
AWS-native support suite; AI agents + summarization on OpenAI.
DevTools · AWS · Cloud-hosted (Bedrock/Vertex/Azure)
Jira/Confluence migrated to an AWS-native multi-tenant platform (Micros) on PostgreSQL + DynamoDB. Atlassian Intelligence wraps OpenAI behind a tenancy/governance layer.
Healthcare · Hybrid · Cloud-hosted (Bedrock/Vertex/Azure)
Dominant EHR on its own InterSystems stack; generative features run on Azure OpenAI via the Microsoft partnership.
DevTools · Azure · Cloud-hosted (Bedrock/Vertex/Azure)
GitHub runs on a large-scale, multi-service production platform hosted on Microsoft Azure, with operational patterns documented by GitHub/Microsoft materials and independent technical writeups. The data layer is commonly described as MySQL at scale with Vitess plus Redis and Elasticsearch, while GitHub also publishes substantial open-source infrastructure and developer tooling.
Legal AI · Azure · Cloud-hosted (Bedrock/Vertex/Azure)
Legal-domain assistant built on OpenAI via Azure with bespoke legal retrieval.
CRM · Multi-Cloud · Cloud-hosted (Bedrock/Vertex/Azure)
Salesforce runs a proprietary, metadata-driven, multitenant application stack (Superpods, instances, orgs) on its Hyperforce infrastructure spanning its own data centers and leading public clouds, with a single logical multitenant database per instance and stateless app servers layered above it.[2][4][7][10] Around this core, it operates a hybrid data and streaming platform (Ajna Kafka, Hadoop/HDFS, monitoring stacks) and integrates external warehouses like Snowflake for Data Cloud and analytics workloads.[8][17]
Vertical SaaS · Azure · Cloud-hosted (Bedrock/Vertex/Azure)
Trades/field-services SaaS on Azure; AI assistants via Azure OpenAI over job/CRM data.
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